a map of europe with different colors on it

The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, was one of the most advanced societies of its time1. However, its decline remains a mystery that has puzzled historians and archaeologists alike2.(Transition Slide)Broadly speaking, there are four main theories that have been proposed to explain the breakdown of Harappan urban society2:Environmental Change: This theory suggests that gradual changes in the climate and agricultural disasters, possibly due to overpopulation and overexploitation of resources, led to the civilization’s downfall2.Sudden Environmental Change: Some scholars believe that more abrupt environmental changes, such as tectonic events leading to flooding or the drying up of rivers, could have caused the civilization’s end2.Human Activities: Invasions by tribes from the hills to the west of the Indus valley, possibly even Indo-Aryans, could have disrupted the cities and trade links, leading to the civilization’s collapse2.Epidemic or Similar Devastating Event: It’s also