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The Cannizzaro ReactionIntroductionThe Cannizzaro reaction is a chemical reaction in which two molecules of an aldehyde undergo disproportionation under basic conditions to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. This reaction is particularly useful for aldehydes that lack a hydrogen atom attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group).MechanismThe Cannizzaro reaction proceeds through a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism. * Nucleophilic Attack: The hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon of one aldehyde molecule, forming an intermediate alkoxide ion. * Hydride Transfer: The alkoxide ion then transfers a hydride ion (H-) to the carbonyl carbon of another aldehyde molecule, resulting in the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylate ion. * Proton Transfer: Finally, a proton is transferred from the carboxylate ion to the hydroxide ion, regenerating the hydroxide ion and forming the carboxylic acid.General EquationRCHO + RCHO + 2OH- → RCOOH + RCH2O