an image of a truck driving on a red planet

Mars, known as the Red Planet, gets its color from iron oxide, or rust, which covers much of its surface. Its atmosphere is very thin and primarily made of carbon dioxide, meaning liquid water cannot stay on its surface for extended periods. Temperatures on Mars are extremely cold, with an average around -80°F (-60°C). Conditions vary widely, from a frigid -195°F (-125°C) at the poles to a mild 70°F (20°C) near the equator during summer. Mars also has some remarkable geological features, like Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano in the solar system, nearly three times the height of Mount Everest. The planet’s two small, irregularly shaped moons, Phobos and Deimos, are believed to be captured asteroids. With its unique terrain, climate, and signs of ancient water, Mars remains a key focus of space exploration.