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Prokaryotic Cells (E. coli)Prokaryotic cells, exemplified by Escherichia coli (E. coli), are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA exists as a single, circular chromosome located in a region called the nucleoid. Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan, providing structural support and protection. They possess ribosomes for protein synthesis, but these are smaller (70S) compared to eukaryotic ribosomes. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission and are highly adaptable, thriving in diverse environments. Many prokaryotes, including E. coli, also have additional DNA in the form of plasmids, which can carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other survival traits.Eukaryotic Cells (Plant and Animal)Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger than prokaryotic cells, with a well-defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane. They have numerous membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria for energy prod